Wednesday, March 1, 2023

Dynamic Lighting for Patient Environments

Sleep is a necessity for everyone. Proper and sufficient amounts of sleep have been correlated to many health benefits including improved health and memory capabilities, at the least. It is essential that those who are ill get to rest in sufficient and optimal amounts. One thing that can affect the quality of sleep is exposure to blue light. Blue light is a type of light that every person who owns an electronic device with a screen has heard of and has been exposed to. It is present in devices such as computers, laptops, smartphones, and tablets. Many electronic companies and producers boast about how they have very little blue light emission, or how they have reduced their blue light emission by a certain percentage in their products. Interestingly, blue light is also emitted from LED lights that can be found in hospitals and in patients’ rooms. Can this exposure to blue light be effectively limited in a patient’s environment to aid in their recovery?

In the article “Circadian Disruption and Human Health” by Zee et al., Dr. Zee presented a detailed overview of the effects of the circadian rhythm on the different aspects of human health. She highlighted the possible effects of a disrupted circadian rhythm which range from neurological disorders to immunological disorders. Furthermore, the different categories of people who can have a possibly disrupted circadian rhythm were explored. Those categories include approximately 16% of adults who work outside of a daytime schedule, approximately 70% of those who work indoors, and an estimated 99% affected by light pollution (Zee et al., 2021). Even though these populations are encompassing individuals residing in the US, an astounding number of individuals are exposed to light pollution in the US and around the world daily. Zee et al. state that several studies have shown that excessive light pollution in the evening can be a reason for a disruption in the circadian rhythm. This is a crucial finding as many people may fall within this category.

The article “The Evening Light Environment in Hospitals can be Designed to Produce Less Disruptive Effects on the Circadian System and Improve Sleep” discusses a study on the effect of lighting on patients’ circadian rhythms and their quality of sleep. This study aimed to show the reduced effects of blue-depleted lighting on circadian rhythms in naturalistic settings because this has not been extensively studied outside of laboratory settings. Vethe et al. studied blue-depleted lighting in a psychiatric hospital unit where new dynamic lighting systems were installed. Half of the unit in the hospital had blue-depleted lighting whereas the other half of the unit had standard lighting. The study was set up in a way that 12 healthy adults stayed in each light setting for 5 days in a randomized cross-over trial order. Vethe et al. found that adults who were in the blue-depleted lighting had lower suppression of their levels of melatonin when compared to the levels of suppression of melatonin in standard lighting. Also, total sleep time was 8.1 minutes longer and REM sleep was 13.9 minutes longer in blue-depleted lighting when compared to the results from individuals in standard lighting (Vethe et al., 2021).

The second article was really interesting when viewing it in light of Zee et al.’s work because Zee et al. focused on the negative implications of a disturbed circadian rhythm on human health. On the other hand, Vethe et al. focused on how effective a blue-depleted lighting environment can be in regard to reducing/removing the impact on the circadian rhythm. The paper by Zee et al. mentioned how immune disorders may arise from a disrupted circadian rhythm. The study by Vethe et al. shows that it is effective and possible to create a lighting environment that has a minimal impact on the circadian rhythm and sleep without serious side effects in a naturalistic setting. Since this study was done in a hospital with a dynamic lighting environment, it shows that hospitals can be designed, or even renovated, to incorporate this type of environment which can benefit patients’ sleep, and therefore, possibly their recovery. Patients' recoveries can have a chance to be at an optimal pace as their immune systems would not indirectly be harmed via a disrupted circadian rhythm. 

 

References

Fishbein, A. B., Knutson, K. L., & Zee, P. C. (2021). Circadian disruption and human health. The Journal of clinical investigation131(19), e148286. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI148286

Vethe, D., Scott, J., Engstrøm, M., Salvesen, Ø., Sand, T., Olsen, A., Morken, G., Heglum, H. S., Kjørstad, K., Faaland, P. M., Vestergaard, C. L., Langsrud, K., & Kallestad, H. (2021). The evening light environment in hospitals can be designed to produce less disruptive effects on the circadian system and improve sleep. Sleep44(3), zsaa194. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa194

 

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