Anterograde interference finds greater significance across research focusing on learning a new task (Task A) and disrupts the retention and performance of a subsequent task (Task B), especially when these tasks aim to help or hinder temporal processing. Anterograde interference is a crucial experimental and methodological procedure that helps memory dynamics in research, specifically in visuomotor adaptation, memory retention, and the development of new skills. Results and analysis across research utilizing anterograde interference help connect with neural networks to find an increase in interference and constraints on future learning capabilities. The applications help with competing memory and optimize learning and retention outcomes.
In the article Evidence that anterograde learning interference depends on the stage of learning of the interior: blocked versus interleaved training, Dr. Robert Baudo and colleagues hypothesized that learning on Task A can interfere with subsequent learning on Task B, anterograde learning interference, can influence participants’ auditory perceptual learning. Testing their hypothesis, Dr. Baudo incorporated anterograde interference to help researchers collect data on participants’ ability to discriminate between subtle auditory differences before and after training (interleaved and blocked of their experimental design distributed at random). From Day 1 to Day 2, Dr. Baudo’s results have found that blocked training induces anterograde interference, and fast-interleaved training reduces anterograde interferences. Finding improved learning outcomes for Task B and the longer blocked training would lead to more interference, while shorter would minimize interference.
In the lecture, Dr. Baudo focused on his and colleagues study; participants received perceptual learning based on interaural discrimination in standard (tone administered equally) and comparison (tone administered to either the left or right side of their ears) across a period of testing for no-memory and no-retrieval assumption. Dr. Baudo’s participants focused on a specific demographic of listeners with normal hearing and no previous mental health or brain disorders, not affected or altered in the post-results of administered anterograde interference. Dr. Baudo’s participant group made me ponder how to extend aspects of anterograde inference to mental health or chronic brain disorders, particularly Parkinson’s Disease. I found an article on this topic, applying some experimental methods from Dr. Baudo’s lecture and study: Different mechanisms contributing to savings and anterograde interference are impaired in Parkinsn’s disease, by Li-Ann Leow and colleagues. Li-Ann Leow applies anterograde interference in visuomotor adaption and its impairment in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). This is similar to Dr. Baudo’s experimental methods of a task-related A1-B-A2 paradigm with limited and extended training. Only differing findings in PD patients of impairments in significant savings (reinforcement) and anterograde interference (use-dependent plasticity and reinforcement. Since Dr. Baudo focuses on auditory learning, Li-Ann Leow uses reinforcement learning through reward-associated movement repetition. Her study’s participant demographic has sixteen PD patients and eighteen healthy older adults recruited and tested on their dominant hand. All had normal vision and cognitive function under the general experimental procedure and A1-B-A2 paradigm (experimental design). The general experimental procedure had participants move the cursor of a digitized pen on a tablet toward a target on a screen.
In contrast, the experiment had A1 (counter-clockwise rotation), B (adaptation to a clockwise rotation), and A2 (counter-clockwise rotation). Results have found marked improvement from A1 to A2, and the anterograde interference measured the reduced performance from A1 to B. Impaired savings in PD reflected faster adaptation during A2 than A1, lacking overall improvement, and the impaired anterograde interference did not have slower adaptation in B after extended training in A1. These specific findings support that having a separate study that applies anterograde interference for PD participants with other mental health or brain disorders can use similar interference methods from research like Dr. Baudo.
Taking away from these two studies, anterograde interference plays a vital role in understanding the complexities of learning and memory and the retention and performance of tasks in various contexts. Dr. Baudo’s research on auditory perceptual learning and Li-Ann Leow’s exploration of visuomotor adaptation in Parkinson’s Disease. Anterograde interference offers insights into underlying neural mechanisms that control memory dynamics and learning capabilities. Parkinson’s disease, with methods of inference, pushes for innovative approaches to study anterograde interference, particularly among populations with cognitive impairments. Applying interference in future research by designing more experiments that explore anterograde interference across diverse mental health and neurological disorders, like Parkinson’s, can help enhance learning retention and improve quality of life. Researchers should take action by further investigating the multifaceted effects of anterograde interference and developing programs that mitigate its negative impacts. Further advancing the knowledge of anterograde interference can potentially unlock new ways to optimize learning outcomes for individuals facing memory challenges and motor function impairments.
References:
Leow, Li-Ann, et al. “Different Mechanisms Contributing to Savings and Anterograde Interference Are Impaired in Parkinson’s Disease.” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. 7, 26 Feb. 2013, https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00055. Accessed 23 June 2022.
Ning, Ruijing, and Beverly A Wright. “Evidence That Anterograde Learning Interference Depends on the Stage of Learning of the Interferer: Blocked versus Interleaved Training.” Learning & Memory, vol. 30, no. 5-6, 1 May 2023, pp. 101–109, pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10353258/, https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.053710.122. Accessed 9 Dec. 2024.
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