Wednesday, October 19, 2016

Mitochondria's Role in Parkinson's Disease

"Maybe my Parkinson's is God's way of reminding me what is important. It slowed me down and caused me to listen rather than talk. Actually, people pay more attention to me now because I don't talk as much."- Muhammad Ali

This year we lost one of our greatest athletes, Muhammad Ali, who suffered from a long battle with Parkinson’s Disease. How did PD affect the great Muhammad Ali? Are there possible preventative measures that can be taken against it?

Well, Parkinson’s is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that causes a degeneration of cells in the brain that are important in producing dopamine in the substantia nigra (SNc). Dopamine is a neurotransmitter necessary for proper motor function, reward, and high cognition; therefore, there are symptoms of muscle stiffness, speech problems, depression and sleep disorders due to the lack of dopamine.

In “Calcium, cellular aging, and selective neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson’s disease,” there is a discussion of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in PD. As examined in PD patients’ postmortem tissue SNc samples, there is a decrease of NADH ubiquinone reductase, which is necessary in the electron transport chain. This may lead to oxidative damage, lack of electrochemical gradient across the mitochondrial membrane that helps ATP synthase function, and the conversion of ADP to ATP.

It has also been found that Lewy bodies play an important role in PD, due to a buildup of proteins in neurons that slowly prevent them from functioning. These mostly consist of alpha-synuclein, which is vital in transmitting neurotransmitters between neurons. If alpha-synuclein is misfolded, it may trigger misfolding in other proteins as well, acting as a domino effect. Therefore, in PD there is a buildup of these alpha-synuclein Lewy bodies, and this is thought to interfere with mitochondrial activity. The alpha-synuclein binds to a protein called TOM20, which ultimately prevents the mitochondria from working in full effect (Newman). When the mitochondria does not function properly, more Lewy bodies are formed, creating a negative cycle.


A preventative measure being looked at is the use of a second protein to block the alpha-synuclein from binding to TOM20. This would prevent Lewy bodies from forming and prevent the negative effects on the mitochondria. The University of Saskatchewan also took the initiative to look at preventative measures in the folding of the alpha-synuclein unit. The team created a caffeine scaffold that improved the ability of dimers to interact with the protein, preventing clumping within the neurons. Many of these results appear very promising, providing solid evidence in the prevention of PD.

Works Cited:
Newman, Tim. "Parkinson's Connection to Faulty Mitochondria Investigated." Medical News Today. MediLexicon International, 10 June 2016.

Palfreman, Jon. "The Bright Side of Parkinson’s." The New York Times. The New York Times Company, 21 Feb. 2015.

Surmeier, D. James, Jaime N. Guzman, and Javier Sanchez-Padilla. “Calcium, Cellular Aging, and Selective Neuronal Vulnerability in Parkinson’s Disease.”Cell calcium 47.2 (2010): 175–182. PMC. Web. 19 Oct. 2016.

University of Saskatchewan. "Caffeine-based compounds show promise against Parkinson's disease." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 30 September 2016. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/09/160930080857.htm>.

15 comments:

  1. There are no treatments in the world which can cure Parkinson's disease. But there are some treatments which can help you to reduce the symptoms of this disease. Exercise is the best treatment for Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease treatment

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. I am a 51 year old female that just found out I have Parkinson's about a year and half, but I have been having signs of it for years, tremors, depression, body weakness. ECT. I honestly don't think my doctor was reading the signs because of my gender and age. A few years ago I had my shoulder lock up on me and I was sent to a P.T since x-rays didn't show any physical damage. My shaking was getting worse and I began falling. Only when my speech became so bad that it brought concern to my dentist was Parkinson's even considered. He phoned my doctor with his concerns about my shaking and balance problems. By this time I was forgoing shots in the back of my neck for back and neck pain to which once again I was sent to a P.T (although x-rays showed no damage) I was told I had a few spurs which were most likely causing the pain. Here I was feeling like my whole body was falling apart and doctor could not find anything wrong, maybe in was all in my head? My doctor even seemed annoyed with me and things just kept progressing and I just kept it to myself, why bother going through testing and them finding nothing? Well, it was after my second P.T called my doctor about the weakness in my legs and arms, by this time I have developed a gait in my walk and I fell more frequently. Only then did my doctor send me to a specialist and it was found that I had Parkinson's, and that I have had it for awhile. I think because I was a woman that my signs and symptoms weren't taken seriously and therefor left untreated for so long,I was taking pramipexole dihydrochloride three times daily, I Was on carbidopa levodopa but only lasted 90 minutes then wore off.I found that none of the current medications worked effective for me.I got tired of using those medication so I decided to apply natural herbs formula that was prescribed to me by my second P.T, i purchase the herbal formula from totalcureherbsfoundation. com, There has been huge progression ever since I start the treatment plan which will last for 15 weeks usage.all the symptoms and sign has begin to disappear .

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  3. i have being suffering from Parkinson disease for 4 years now at 47 yearsof age till i used Madida herbal medicine. I used to have sleepless night, tremors, weakness, slow movement etc. I was placed on Sinemet for 7 months and then Sifrol and Rotigotine was introduced which replaced the Sinemet but I had to stop due to side effects. Last year, I started on Parkinsons disease herbal treatment from Madida Herbal Clinic, this natural herbal treatment totally reversed my Parkinsons disease. Visit: www.madidaherbalclinic.weebly.com, email madidaherbalcenter@gmail.com for more information. The treatment worked incredibly for my Parkinsons disease, i have a total decline in symptoms including tremors, stiffness, slow movement and others....

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  4. Hello everyone, i'm Linda Harry from United State i was diagnosed with Parkinson Disease  for over 6 years which made me loose my job and my relationship with my Fiance after he discovered that i was having Parkinson, he departed from me, and i tried all my best to make him stays, but he neglected me until a friend of mine  from UK told me Great healer, who will restore my life back with his powerful healing herbal medicine. then he  sent me his email address to contact him- drimolaherbalmademedicine@gmail.com. and i quickly contacted him, and he said my condition can be solved, that he will treat the disease immediately only if i can accept trust on him and accept his terms and condition, i Agreed because i was so much in need of help by all means, so i did all he instructed me to do. And surprisingly after two weeks, He sent me a text, that i should hurry up to the hospital for a checkup, which i truly did, i confirm from my doctor that i am now ( PARKINSON NEGATIVE) my eyes filled with tears and joy, crying heavily because truly the disease deprived me of many things from my life, This is a Miracle, dr imoloa also uses his powerful herbal medicine to cure the following diseases:  lupus disease,  mouth ulcer,  mouth cancer, body pain, fever, hepatitis A.B.C.,   syphilis,  diarrhea,  HIV/AIDS,  Huntington's Disease,   back acne,  Chronic renal failure,   addison disease,  Chronic Pain,   Crohn's Disease,   Cystic Fibrosis,  Fibromyalgia,   Inflammatory Bowel Disease,  fungal nail disease, Lyme Disease, Celia disease, Lymphoma, Major Depression,  Malignant Melanoma,   Mania,  Melorheostosis,   Meniere's Disease,  Mucopolysaccharidosis , Multiple Sclerosis,  Muscular Dystrophy,  Rheumatoid Arthritis, Alzheimer's Disease, parkison disease, vaginal cancer, epilepsy,  Anxiety Disorders, Autoimmune Disease,   Back Pain,  Back Sprain,   Bipolar Disorder,  Brain Tumour,  Malignant,   Bruxism, Bulimia,  Cervical Disk Disease, cardiovascular disease, Neoplasms, chronic respiratory disease,  mental and behavioural disorder,     Cystic Fibrosis,   Hypertension, Diabetes, asthma,  Inflammatory autoimmune-mediated arthritis.  chronic kidney disease, inflammatory joint disease,  impotence,  feta alcohol spectrum,  Dysthymic Disorder,   Eczema, tuberculosis,  Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, constipation, inflammatory bowel disease, bone cancer, lung cancer. contact him on email- drimolaherbalmademedicine@gmail.com. and also on whatssap- +2347081986098

    ReplyDelete
  5. I am a 51 year old female that just found out I have Parkinson's about a year and half, but I have been having signs of it for years, tremors, depression, body weakness. ECT. I honestly don't think my doctor was reading the signs because of my gender and age. A few years ago I had my shoulder lock up on me and I was sent to a P.T since x-rays didn't show any physical damage. My shaking was getting worse and I began falling. Only when my speech became so bad that it brought concern to my dentist was Parkinson's even considered. He phoned my doctor with his concerns about my shaking and balance problems. By this time I was forgoing shots in the back of my neck for back and neck pain to which once again I was sent to a P.T (although x-rays showed no damage) I was told I had a few spurs which were most likely causing the pain. Here I was feeling like my whole body was falling apart and doctor could not find anything wrong, maybe in was all in my head? My doctor even seemed annoyed with me and things just kept progressing and I just kept it to myself, why bother going through testing and them finding nothing? Well, it was after my second P.T called my doctor about the weakness in my legs and arms, by this time I have developed a gait in my walk and I fell more frequently. Only then did my doctor send me to a specialist and it was found that I had Parkinson's, and that I have had it for awhile. I think because I was a woman that my signs and symptoms weren't taken seriously and therefor left untreated for so long,I was taking pramipexole dihydrochloride three times daily, I Was on carbidopa levodopa but only lasted 90 minutes then wore off.I found that none of the current medications worked effective for me.I got tired of using those medication so I decided to apply natural herbs formula that was prescribed to me by my second P.T, i purchase the herbal formula from totalcureherbsfoundation. com, There has been huge progression ever since I start the treatment plan which will last for 15 weeks usage.all the symptoms and sign has begin to disappear .

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. The biggest helped we had was totalcureherbsfoundation.com They walked us through the proper steps, im highly recommending this Parkinson herbal formula to anyone who needs help also.

      Delete
  6. Hello I'm cambell by name, I'm giving a testimony about Dr.Emmanuel the great Herbalist, he has the cure to all manner of diseases, he cured my herpes disease, though I went through different website I saw different testimonies about different spell casters and herbalist, I was like: 'Many people have the herpes cure why are people still suffering from it?' I though of it, then I contact Dr. Emmanuel via email, I didn't believe him that much, I just wanted to give him a try, he replied my mail and Needed some Information about me, then I sent them to him, he prepared it (CURE) and sent it to Airfreight Online Courier Service for delivery, he gave my details to the Courier Office, they told me that 3-5 days I will receive the package and i took the medicine as prescribed by him and I went for check-up 2 weeks after finishing the medicine, I was tested herpes negative, if you are herpes positive do me a favor for you to contact him and I will try my possible best to make sure you get cured, when you contact him, make sure you tell him that I referenced you.. contact him via: nativehealthclinic@gmail.com or WhatsApp +2348140073965 or IG:@dremmanuel2

    ReplyDelete
  7. Sincerely i was so sad when my husband was diagnosed of Parkinsons disease 2 years ago, when he was 49. He had a stooped posture, tremors, right arm does not move and also a pulsating feeling in his body. He was placed on Senemet for 8 months and then Siferol was introduced and replaced the Senemet, during this time span he was also diagnosed with dementia. He started having hallucinations, lost touch with reality. Suspecting it was the medication I took him off the Siferol (with the doctor’s knowledge) and started him on PD natural herbal formula we ordered from Dr James, his symptoms totally declined over a 3 weeks use of the Dr James HERBAL Formula or Parkinsons disease natural herbal formula. He is now almost 51 and doing very well, the disease is totally reversed! my Husband was cured and now my Husband is free from Parkinsons, i went to the hospital that said there was no cure to Parkinsons and informed them about my Husband healing and they were surprised. here is the contact email ( jamesherbalformula@gmail.com ) also reach him on hangout or through his whatsapp number via +2348102574680 Regards.

    ReplyDelete
  8. Sincerely i was so sad when my husband was diagnosed of Parkinsons disease 2 years ago, when he was 49. He had a stooped posture, tremors, right arm does not move and also a pulsating feeling in his body. He was placed on Senemet for 8 months and then Siferol was introduced and replaced the Senemet, during this time span he was also diagnosed with dementia. He started having hallucinations, lost touch with reality. Suspecting it was the medication I took him off the Siferol (with the doctor’s knowledge) and started him on PD natural herbal formula we ordered from Dr James, his symptoms totally declined over a 3 weeks use of the Dr James HERBAL Formula or Parkinsons disease natural herbal formula. He is now almost 51 and doing very well, the disease is totally reversed! my Husband was cured and now my Husband is free from Parkinsons, i went to the hospital that said there was no cure to Parkinsons and informed them about my Husband healing and they were surprised. here is the contact email ( jamesherbalformula@gmail.com ) also reach him on hangout or through his whatsapp number via +2348102574680 Regards.

    ReplyDelete
  9. I am here to express my profound warm gratitude to Doctor Lewis Hill herbal medicine, which i got from Dr Lewis Hill. I am now leaving a healthy life since the past 1 Year i am now Parkinson disease free after the application and usage. You can contact for your medication from via Email  lewishill247@gmail.com. Wish you all the best and a happy healing. Thanks and God Bless you for your help doctor

    ReplyDelete
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    ReplyDelete
  11. my husband was disgnosed with parkinsons disease at 67,his symptoms were shuffling of feet,slurred speech,low volume speech,degradation of hand writing,horrible driving skills,right arm held at 45 degress angle,things were tough for me,i too was diagnosed of COPD but now we both finally free from those diseases with help of total cure from ultimatehealthhome,he now walks properly and all the symptoms has reversed,he had trouble with balance especially at night,getting into the shower exiting it is difficult,getting into bed is is also another thing finds impossiable,we had to find a better solution for his condition which has really helped him alot,the biggest helped we had was this ultimatehealthhome they walked us through the proper steps,am highly recommended this to every one who needs help should contact them on ultimatehealthhome@gmail.com

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