Wednesday, April 29, 2020

Relating Abstract Self-Help Tips to the Science Behind Them


            We’ve all been there. In a fit of procrastination (turned desperation) you look up ways to foster motivation or remember better everything that happens in your busy life. However, much of the advice that you will find is generalized, and nothing new. While the tips offered here will not be anything crazy and new, a research article named “Switching Between 'On' and 'Off' States of Persistent Activity in Lateral Entorhinal Layer III Neurons” by Babak Tahvildari, erik Fransen, Angel A. Alonso, and Michael E. Hasselmo provides some explanation as to why these tips have work.
A section labeled “Take Your Time” is the quintessential self-help advice column. Avoid cramming and plan your studies to have them take place over time. Unfortunately for college students everywhere, Tahvildari et al’s article “Switching Between 'On' and 'Off' States of Persistent Activity in Lateral Entorhinal Layer III Neurons” supports this, with a caveat. Cramming, or “quickly stuffing facts into our brains” is akin to the short pulses (.5-1s) that did not trigger a plateau potential. Counter-intuitively, prolonged pulses (>8s) induced self-terminating post-stimulus spikes that quickly switched the cells back off, leading the researchers to continue with a 4-s suprathreshold pulse. There seems to be a sweet spot between the two that is optimal for triggering that active state, which could also mean that both cramming and all-nighters are poor ways to study.
The section labeled “Sit Down and Stay Put” mentions how modern open style offices inhibit productivity because they have many stimuli. The problem with this is that your attention could be hooked on another excitatory input while your actual work is unable to happen because it is of a different frequency or length to break you out of the loop. In Tahvildari et al’s article the tests consisted of a test stimulus, distracting stimuli, and then a match stimulus that was a repeat of the test stimulus. If your workspace is full of these distractors it can be like catching yourself thinking along a tangent. By choosing a stimulus that isn’t the work that you are supposed to be doing, voluntarily or involuntarily, it can be difficult to get yourself back on track because the match stimulus is needed to turn those neurons back ‘off’ so that they can become ready for the new stimulus.
The “Incentivize Moment and Read Cues” section suggests employing cues to associate places and things, an example being of how our smart devices can remind us of our daily priorities. However, he also adds that this reminder can be useless “if it is not present at the moment you need to catch a reaction.” To return this to Tahvildari et al’s “Switching Between 'On' and 'Off' States of Persistent Activity in Lateral Entorhinal Layer III Neurons,” this cue could be perceived as the resisted “hyperpolarization caused by lateral inhibition induced by distractor stimuli.” That is to say that your expertly planned reminder to finish up grading exams can easily be forgotten if it goes off during the height of an action scene that you are watching.
Although Tahvildari et al did this research with in vitro rat brain slices, it provides an interesting insight into how our own brains work. Will this knowledge put an end to your Netflix binges of procrastination and your google searches for inspiration? Of course not.  Because who knows, maybe that next website that you visit will provide the match stimulus to allow you to finally finish what you started days ago.

References:
Popescu, Adam. “Simple Ways to Be Better at Remembering.” New York Times, 19 Oct 2017.
Tahvildari, Babak & Fransén, Erik & Alonso, Angel & Hasselmo, Michael. (2007). Switching between “On” and “Off” states of persistent activity in lateral entorhinal layer III neurons. Hippocampus. 17. 257-63. 10.1002/hipo.20270.

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