Impacts to Circadian Rhythm
Circadian rhythm and its corresponding homeostatic processes are necessary in the body in order to maintain a proper sleep and wake cycle. In the research article, Circadian programming of the ellipsoid body sleep homeostat in Drosophila, by Andreani, T., Rosensweig, C., Sisobhan, S., Ogunlana, E., Kath, W., & Allada, R (2022), the process of circadian rhythm and sleep homeostat is evaluated. Specifically in this article Andreani et al. (2022) is evaluating the impacts of sleep rebound and deprivation on populations of Drosophila, or the common fruit fly. The researches wanted to identify the important parts of the body and what mechanisms that would allow for sleep deprivation in the morning and night to be recovered. Light is an important part of regulating certain behaviors. Isolating oneself from external or time cues can create a disruption in a person’s circadian rhythm. This is usually common in blind people because even though they live normal lives they have a non-working visual system. A research study by Annette E. Allen (2019) evaluates why the loss of the visual system can cause disruptions in many behaviors and physiology. Allen (2019) also looks to evaluate what can be done when someone’s circadian clock is no longer properly working circadian rhythm, or clock is necessary because it provides a mechanism that allows for the body to evaluate internal and external changes while making sure the body gets its proper sleep. All circadian clocks operate at a system of almost 24 hours.
A connection between research occurs because both sets of researchers are evaluating topics or ideas that acknowledges the importance of circadian rhythms and in turn each research helps further develop the understanding of why an “internal clock” works the way it does. For both studies to perform successfully the researchers identified a disparity or disruption that would be able to be outwardly studied and would also have an impact. Andreani et al., (2022) began their experiment by assigning different sleep deprivation conditions to Drosophila. Sleep homeostat in this research is described as something that either increase or decreases to help promote sleep and wake cycles. Allen (2019), studied the impact of the loss of a visual system on individuals who are blind.
Researchers, Andreani et al., (2022) throughout a normally scheduled day sleep deprived their Drosophila and saw whether or not the sleep rebound occurred during the morning and the night periods of homeostat. This rebound is known as a homeostatic rebound. After the sleep deprivation occurred about every seven hours, the researchers identified that more often sleep rebound was successful in the morning. According to Allen (2019), connects to the Drosophila experiment when she makes it clear that when there is impacts on sleep disruption, “The importance of light cues on circadian entrainment becomes most obvious when individuals are placed into conditions that do not vary across the day, such as in constant darkness, or by ‘forcing’ subjects to live on non-24 hour days, on a schedule that is outside the range of entrainment of the human circadian clock” (p. 74). This shows that both experiments even though they are testing two different disruptions they can work off of each other.
Andreani et al., (2022) came to the conclusion that there was a reason that there more of behavior rebound in the morning to correspond with the homeostat because homeostat lessens in the morning. Calcium was the main ion that was able to help sleep disruption in the fruit flies because it was able to activate behavior rebound, which helps sleep rebound and to fix the deprivation. Calcium was found not to be produced as late in the evening due to the fact that a homeostat is more active in the evening. When Allen (2019), is evaluating circadian rhythms in blind persons it is often difficult because about 50% of blind people are still able to maintain circadian rhythms and that is because of Melanospin. This type of photoreceptor allows for proper circadian rhythm to occur regardless of normal rod or cone failures, but if this fails then there is complete loss of circadian rhythm and no longer a proper 24 hour style day. Overall, the research done on different types of circadian rhythm impacts further helps undersand how different parts of the body are necessary in order for a normal sleep-wake cycle to occur.
References
Allen, A. E (2019). Circadian rhythms in the blind. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences,
30(1), 73-39.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.06.003
Andreani, T., Rosensweig, C., Sisobhan, S., Ogunlana, E., Kath, W., & Allada, R (2022).
Circadian programming of the ellipsoid body sleep in homeostat in Drosophila. eLife.
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