Wednesday, December 13, 2017

Sleep Deprivation and the Severe Physical and Mental Effects

Zaynah Farooq
NEUR 300
BLOG POST 2
           
Sleep is a necessary part for the functioning of the human body. Without sleep, it is impossible for someone to perform at their fullest potential at daily tasks, let alone higher functioning cognitive tasks. Nowadays, it is not uncommon for people to be severely sleep deprived, and therefore, hindering the quality of the work they do in their daily lives. The more hours of sleep an individual gets, the more they are able to be productive and effective at their daily tasks. Extensive research has been done, examining the effects that sleep deprivation can have on an individual. It has been shown that not only sleeping less can cause sleep deprivation, but also simply offsetting one’s circadian rhythm. This can be done by sleeping at odd hours of the night, being affected by insomnia, and other effects from disorders that may effect regular sleeping patterns. What is common across the board is the agreement that sleep is essential in not only physical health, but a person’s mental health as well. Research done at the Massachusetts Medical Society largely focuses on the effects of sleep deprivation on long haul truck drivers. According to an article by the Huffington Post, sleep debt can cause various reactions in people, like physical and mental decision-making characteristics.

            Loyola University’s Dr. Gail Baura touched on the significance of sleep deprivation in long-haul truck drivers, as she reviewed research done by Dr. Mitler and his lab at Massachusetts Medical Society. The study reviewed 20 male truck drivers and through different methods of monitoring including electrophysiogical and performance, it was possible to estimate the amount of sleep each driver was able to get. The amount of naps and eye rolling movements were also recorded, as well as some tell-tale signs of sleep. While the recommended required amount of sleep is around 7 hours, these drivers were getting around 4.78 hours, much less than the recommended amount.  Dr. Baura spoke about the ways to solve this problem in drivers that are driving under the influence of extreme sleep debt. Often times, long-haul truck drivers are under extreme sleep deprivation. Mitler et al. was able to pinpoint that steady night and steady day drivers had a significance difference in the amount of sleep they got, with the night drivers getting much less sleep. Perhaps using different technologies readily available now will be the solution to lessening the amount of accidents that occur as a result of sleepy driving. Dr. Baura mentioned that detecting unintended lane departure, self-driving cars, and EEGs imbedded in the steering wheel could be effective solutions to this problem. However, within these there are other problems. Eyelid closure detectors detect when a person is falling asleep and is able to alert the driver to wake up. It is possible to use this to perhaps lessen the amounts of accidents occurring by drowsy drivers. Yet, merely electrophysiological technologies or car/truck technologies are not enough to detect full sleepiness in a driver, and researchers still look for a way to properly combat this pressing matter.
           
            While everyone is aware of the adverse effects of driving while drunk, there is a shocking revelation that most need to be made aware about, an epidemic worse than drinking that affects all. Studies have shown that sleep deprivation can lead to the same negative effects of drunk driving, yet nearly everyone has fallen victim to driving while drowsy.

            Sleep is the time for the body to reset and restore all that was used during the day. Vital needs need to be met in the human body, and the time for this is during the night when a person is sleeping. The brain also uses sleep to clear itself from toxins that accumulate. The much-needed energy used through the day by the body is also restored during sleep. These all factor into the importance of sleep for the human body. The HuffPost article titled “Here’s A Horrifying Picture Of What Sleep Loss Will Do To You” highlights on some of the negative effects of sleep deprivation. Physically, it is possible that due to the body not recharging and eliminating toxins during sleep, the possibility for cancers may increase. Also, the risk for diabetes goes up, while the life expectancy decreases and sperm count goes down. Due to clogged arteries as a result of sleep debt, the risk for cardiovascular impairments may also increase, as well as the quadrupling of the risk of stroke and the increase in risk of obesity. On the other hand, mentally, people are more likely to have depression and also have an accident while driving, as discussed in Dr. Gail Baura’s talk.

            It is no surprise that sleep debt and deprivation have negative effects on the human body. These effects are not only hurting the person experiencing them, but also those around them. It is very important that everyone keeps their circadian rhythm in check and is able to get the recommended amount of sleep nightly.

Mitler, M. M., et. al. (1997) The Sleep of Long-Haul Truck Drivers. Massachusetts     Medical Society, The New England Journal of Medicine, 24 Feb. 2016, https://luc.app.box.com/v/neuroseminar/file/251218239087

Schocker, Laura. “Here's A Horrifying Picture Of What Sleep Loss Will Do To You.” The Huffington Post, TheHuffingtonPost.com, 8 Jan. 2014, www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/08/sleep-deprivation_n_4557142.html


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