Since the beginning of time, aesthetics were unique in many ways, but often not understood. In the field of neuro aesthetics, cognitive elements have been studied to pinpoint what brain region indicates attraction to the human mind. Objective and subjective beauty are differentiated throughout many neural circuit pathways.
In the article, "Is Beauty in the Eye of the Beholder or an Objective Truth? A Neuro scientific Answer," By Aleem et. al., the researchers attempted to find the correlation between subjective beauty and objective beauty as seen from many standpoints. Researchers did studies on different cultural backgrounds to see what preferences are preferred based on the region. This is all done and understood by the perception of imaging. Researchers also indicated that there was an interest in the "Fluency Theory", that put a lot of the weight on the perceiver of an image rather than the object itself. People who come from different backgrounds and religions grow innate to certain pieces of art or visual features that best suit their preference. As this is still unknown today, researchers then concluded that there was the existence of some universal aesthetic variables such as balance, symmetry, and complexity. objective beauty was found in responses to humans instead of qualities, as subjective beauty was found based on a reward-based-learning system.
Similarly, in a more recent study conducted in 2016 titled, "Neuroaesthetics: The Cognitive Neuroscience of Aesthetic Experience" by Marcus T. Pearce et al., researchers visit the phenomenon between the perspectives of humanities and the sciences combined. Much like the first article, researchers are fascinated by the human mind as it deems what is attractive vs ugly. Touching base on traditional aesthetics that have been studied for years and cognitive neuroscience hand in hand, the article explains that researchers have conducted an extensive study upon objective experiences from individuals, sensory stimuli, and context. fMRI was conducted to see the effects of the neural responses in participants who received samples of photos that were universally accepted as attractive. The same method was used to present pictures that were less pleasing, monitoring the fMRI signals. Short cues indicated that the activation of the amygdala, paired with repetition of pictures and memory, enhanced the fluidity on the receptors through the eyes. Much like the brain adjusting to light through optical neurons. this process creates the innate persona to presume an object be aesthetically pleasing. This was also then correlated to the different cultural backgrounds and regions that people lived in all over the world. It was conferred that Aesthetic pleasure comes from familiarity as humans are actually scared of change. Results also concurred that observations made through pictures were focused through different points. as one viewer from the south sees a picture from top to bottom, someone from the north can view an image from bottom to top, also playing a role through interpretation of the brain.
Both studies emphasized the importance of the amygdala through perception of aesthetic comfort. Throughout humanity and the beginning of time, objectivity and subjectivity have been viewed through innate responses taken from culture and regional backgrounds. As one person can deem an object attractive, others may not due to the neural acuity derived from natural perception in each's own habitat.
References:
Marcus T. Pearce, D. W. Z. Neuroaesthetics: The Cognitive Neuroscience of Aesthetic Experience - Marcus T. Pearce, Dahlia W. Zaidel, Oshin Vartanian, Martin Skov, Helmut Leder, Anjan Chatterjee, Marcos Nadal, 2016. SAGE Journals. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1745691615621274.
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