Friday, December 6, 2013

Giving a Voice to Kids With Down Syndrome

Whether you know someone close to you who stutters or if it's you yourself who stutters, most of us have come across the term "stuttering" across at least once in our life time. So what is stuttering really? Well, to answer that question I would need to go into the details of speech, but to sum it up, stuttering is a sort of dis-fluency in speech in which words lose their rhythm and sentences come out with short breaks or spasms.
A recent case study done by researchers with the U of A's Institute for Stuttering Treatment and Research (ISTAR), Harasym and Langevin, worked with Sarah, an eight-year-old girl, who had a stuttering problem which has started to affect her academic performance as well as her communication skills with friends, teachers and family. The treatment the researchers provided included "practice of prolongation" which encourages Sara to speak at an exaggeratedly slow rate. It also included breathing techniques and voice management skills for her to constantly practice at the clinic and at home as well.
You would think that if stuttering is such a common problem for a lot of people, then it would not be considered "weird" by society, but you would indeed be wrong to think that because stuttering has led to a lot of bullying and social problems for kids in school. At the end of the study it was shows that Sarah's fluency was improved by 98.6 % which lead the researches to conclude that "fluency shaping" did indeed help in improving the speech of kids with Down Syndrome.


This goes hand in hand with Dr. J.D. Trout's research on fluency heuristics According to Dr.Trout, fluency is "A property of a psychological process used to measure how easy it is to think about something". So it makes sense that if you can't think of something very easily, you struggle with saying it out and thus sometimes end up stuttering. He said that if we speak incoherently it means that we are not correctly using our mental work space and all the speech tools we have. Since Dr. Trout said that practice or repetition makes perfect, it makes sense why Sarah found it much easier to speak coherently after she practiced the techniques in the study a lot.
In the end, as Dr. Trout stated, we have a natural inclination to speak, so it should come as a sort of “sense of understanding” to be able to speak fluently because as we all know, great speakers like MLK Jr. or President Obama would not be/ have been as successful as they were/are if it weren't for their fluent speech skills.                                                                                                                                 University of Alberta, “Giving a voice to kids with Down syndrome.” ScienceDaily, 25           Feb. 2013. Web. 6 Dec. 2013
Trout, JD.  “Explanation, Fluency, and the False Climb.” Loyola University Chicago.             17 September 2013.

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